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采用田间小区试验,以麦秸、苹果树枝和泥炭为覆盖材料,研究渗灌条件下果园覆盖的保水效果及对根际土壤养分和微生物特性的影响。结果表明,果园覆盖具有明显的保水作用,各时期土壤含水率均表现为泥炭覆盖>麦秸覆盖>苹果树枝覆盖>对照;覆盖处理和对照土壤含水率呈现相似的季节变化趋势。果园覆盖能增加根际土壤养分含量,其中,泥炭覆盖对增加土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量的作用最大。果园覆盖显著提高了根际土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌、自生固氮菌、磷细菌、钾细菌、纤维素降解菌和微生物总数量以及根际土壤微生物群落对不同种类碳源的利用能力,并以泥炭覆盖对提高碳源利用能力的效应最明显。覆盖处理土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数、Shannon均匀度指数和Simpson指数均显著高于对照,且均表现为泥炭覆盖>麦秸覆盖>苹果树枝覆盖。综合分析认为,渗灌条件下果园覆盖泥炭对保持土壤水分,改善根际土壤养分状况,提高微生物活性的效果最好。
Using field plot experiment, wheat straw, apple tree branches and peat as cover material, the effect of water-holding on the coverage of orchards under infiltration irrigation and on the nutrient and microbial characteristics of rhizosphere soil was studied. The results showed that the orchard coverage had significant water retention. The soil moisture content of each period showed peat cover> wheat straw cover> apple tree branch cover> control; and the cover water treatment and the control soil water content showed similar seasonal changes. The orchard coverage can increase the nutrient contents in the rhizosphere soil. Among them, the peat coverage has the greatest effect on increasing soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. The orchard coverage significantly increased the total amount of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, azotobacter, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, cellulose-degrading bacteria and microorganisms in the rhizosphere soils and the ability of rhizosphere soil microbial community to utilize different kinds of carbon sources, The effect of peat covering on the utilization of carbon sources is most obvious. The Shannon index, Shannon evenness index and Simpson index of soil microbial communities were significantly higher than those of the control, and were covered by peat cover> straw cover> apple tree branches. Comprehensive analysis shows that under osmotic irrigation orchard peat cover to maintain soil moisture, improving rhizosphere soil nutrient status, improve the microbial activity of the best.