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最近几年认为癌细胞产生一些物质可被用作癌症信号,有时,这是一些毒性物质。肿瘤性贫血、恶液质和发热是人们熟知的恶性肿瘤的作用.据推测引起恶液质的物质是多肽类。异位肿瘤伴随现象(Ectopic paraneoplasticphenomena)的研究证明有许多过程可能由血中肿瘤产物引起,是代谢性的。这些物质多数或均属单链多肽。肾上腺髓质产生的儿茶酚胺,类癌产生的5一羟色胺、甲状腺髓质癌产生的降钙素等等都是局部性的。从肺癌或肾癌产生的降钙素、甲状旁腺激素、ACTH和抗利尿激素(ADH)则是典型异位产物。几种胎儿蛋白(a一胎儿蛋白)可在肝癌中置新出现。一些其他的胎儿蛋白质,例如癌胚抗原看来是某些恶性肿瘤细胞的产物。甚至可能有癌细胞产生的某些因子,能够启动胎儿珠蛋白仅链的合成。
In recent years it has been suggested that cancer cells produce some substances that can be used as cancer signals. Sometimes, these are toxic substances. Tumor anemia, cachexia, and fever are well-known roles for malignancies. It is speculated that the substance that causes dyscrasia is a polypeptide. Studies of Ectopic paraneoplasticphenomena have demonstrated that many processes may be caused by tumor products in the blood and are metabolic. Most of these substances are single-chain polypeptides. The catecholamines produced by the adrenal medulla, 5-hydroxytryptamines produced by carcinoids, and calcitonin produced by medullary thyroid cancer are localized. Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, ACTH, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) produced from lung or kidney cancer are typical ectopic products. Several fetal proteins (a fetoprotein) can be newly found in liver cancer. Some other fetal proteins, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, appear to be the product of certain malignant tumor cells. There may even be certain factors produced by cancer cells that can initiate the synthesis of only fetal globin chains.