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调查显示,北京百花山上“蚂蚁山”的蚂蚁为我国林区特有的种类--中华红林蚁Formica sinensis.该蚂蚁分布海拔相对较高,通常在针叶林或针阔叶混交林中筑巢,进行社会性生活.成虫有4个品级:大型工蚁、小型工蚁、蚁后和雄蚁.每个成熟蚁巢中有2-4个蚁后,为多蚁后社群结构.夏季蚁巢中同时存在着卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫.目前还只发现工蚁和蚁后休眠越冬.对中华红林蚁的各个虫态和品级进行形态描述和测定,并记述工蚁的觅食、建巢及清巢、防御与进攻等行为习性.首次发现雄蚁具有明显的护巢行为.同时,还发现在工蚁的外出活动中,标记信息素的作用不是很明显.“,”Formica sinensis Wheeler is an endemic social ant distributing in high altitude coniferous forest or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in China. There are four castes in adults including major workers, minor workers, queens and males. It was observed that eggs, larvae, pupae and each caste of adults were coincidence in a mature colony in summer, with two to four queens in each nest. Therefore, it has a polygynous colony structure. So far, it is found that only workers and queens overwinter. In this paper, morphology characters of each stage and each caste of this species were described, provided with their morphological parameters. It also recorded the behaviors of foraging, nesting, nest cleaning, defending and attacking of the workers. Moreover, it was firstly reported that males have an obvious behavior of protecting queens and larvae. In addition, it is found that the pheromone trail was not so important in activity of the workers.