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目的 探讨热应激与热习服对小鼠睾丸与精子的影响。方法 １５ 只ＩＣＲ 小鼠分为热习服（ Ⅰ组） 、热应激（ Ⅱ组） 和常温对照组（ Ⅲ组） 。Ⅰ组小鼠每天上午移入人工热室（ 干球３６ ℃，相对湿度６８ ％ ） 暴露６０ｍｉｍ ，连续９ｄ ，记录肛温。Ⅱ组仅在热习服最后一天与Ⅰ组同时进行热暴露，平时与Ⅲ组同在室温（１５ ～２０ ℃） 。实验结束后观察３ 组小鼠睾丸重量、睾丸重量指数、睾丸含水量和畸形精子数等指标。结果 在热环境下Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肛温都高于受热前。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组睾丸的含水量分别为（１１３．０３ ±２１．０５） ｇ 、（１３１．０４ ±１１．７８） ｇ 、（１３１．３５ ±２２．２２） ｇ ； 重量指数为０．５８２ ９ ±０．０７ 、０．５８９ ５ ±０．０６ 、０．５８０ ４ ±０．１１ ， Ｐ＞ ０．０５ ； 热习服组畸形精子率为 （１３．４２ ±３．７８） ％ ， 与对照组的（１４．６８ ±７．４０） ％ 相比 Ｐ＞０．０５ ， 而热应激组畸形精子数明显减少， 畸形率仅为 （６．３６ ±１．５１） ％ ， Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ， 与高温（ 睾温达４１ ～４２ ℃） 下精子畸形率升高的报道相反。结论 提示精子在附睾的分化发育可能存在温热应激效应， 但其机理尚待进一步探讨。
Objective To investigate the effects of heat stress and heat acclimation on testis and sperm in mice. Methods Fifteen ICR mice were divided into heat group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ. The mice in group Ⅰ were exposed to artificial hot chamber (dry bulb 36 ℃, relative humidity 68%) for 60 mim every morning for 9 days, and the rectal temperature was recorded. Group Ⅱ was only exposed to heat simultaneously with group Ⅰ on the last day of heat acclimatization, usually at room temperature (15-20 ℃) with group Ⅲ. At the end of the experiment, testicular weight, testicular weight index, testicular water content and abnormal sperm count were observed in 3 groups of mice. The results in the hot environment Ⅰ, Ⅱ rectal temperature is higher than before the heat. The water content of testes in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were (113.03 ± 21.05) g, (131.04 ± 11.78) g and (131.35 ± 22.22) g, respectively. The weight index was 0. 582 9 ± 0.07, 0.589 5 ± 0.06, 0.580 4 ± 0.11, P> 0.05 respectively. The rate of abnormal sperm in the heat-treated group was (13.42 ± 3.78)%, Compared with the control group (14.68 ± 7.40)%, P> 0.05, while the number of abnormal sperm in heat stress group decreased significantly, the rate of deformity was only (6.36 ± 1.51)%, P < 0.05, contrary to the report of elevated sperm abnormality rate at high temperature (test temperature of 41-42 ℃). The conclusion suggests that there may be the effects of warm stress on the differentiation and development of the epididymis in sperm, but its mechanism needs to be further explored.