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目的探讨噪声暴露对工人听力损失的影响。方法采用横断面调查,对广州市某大型汽车制造企业的噪声暴露工人进行作业场所噪声测定以及工人纯音听力测定。结果作业场所现场噪声合格率为49.25%;噪声强度在80 dB(A)及以上时,听力损失检出率随着接触噪声工龄(工作年限)的增加而增加,在80～、85～、90～dB(A)3个噪声强度组,随着接噪工龄的增加听力损失检出率呈明显的上升趋势(均有P<0.05);随着接触噪声强度的增加听力损失检出率呈明显的上升趋势(χ2=17.571,P<0.01;χ2=15.345,P<0.01;χ2=59.805,P<0.01)。结论接触噪声时间的延长以及高强度的噪声暴露,会加大听力损伤发生的危险性。
Objective To investigate the effect of noise exposure on hearing loss in workers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure noise at workplaces and pure tone audiometry of noise exposure workers in a large automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou. Results The passing rate of site noise was 49.25%. When the noise intensity was above 80 dB (A) and above, the detection rate of hearing loss increased with the increase of exposure time (working life) ~ (DB) ~ (dB), the detection rate of hearing loss obviously increased with the increase of noise exposure time (all P <0.05). With the increase of contact noise intensity, the detection rate of hearing loss was obviously (Χ2 = 17.571, P <0.01; χ2 = 15.345, P <0.01; χ2 = 59.805, P <0.01). Conclusions Exposure to prolonged exposure to noise and exposure to high levels of noise will increase the risk of hearing loss.