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4 厌氧性细菌 是一大群专性厌氧菌,须在无氧环境下才能生长繁殖。主要分为两大类,一类是有芽胞的梭状芽胞杆菌,另一类是无芽胞的厌氧菌。4.1 厌氧芽胞梭菌 为革兰阳性杆菌,形成芽胞后抵抗力强,可在土壤中存活十余年,一旦有适宜条件可出芽繁殖,产生外毒素,引起严重疾病。代表菌种有:(1)破伤风杆菌 芽胞为圆形,大于菌体,位于菌体一端形成鼓槌状。常存于泥土和动物肠道中。本菌可由伤口侵入造成感染,但需有厌氧的微环境,如窄而深的伤口、或坏死组织多并伴有需氧菌混合感染的伤口,仅在伤口局部繁殖,一般不侵入血流,能产生毒性很强的破伤风痉挛素,经血流作用于脑干和脊髓前角神经细胞,使骨骼肌发生痉挛。临床表现为阵发性抽搐,牙关紧闭,苦笑面容,颈项强直,角弓反张等症状。常因呼吸困难,窒息而死。怀疑有破伤风
4 anaerobic bacteria is a large group of obligate anaerobic bacteria, must be in anaerobic environment to grow and reproduce. Mainly divided into two categories, one is a spore-containing Clostridium, and the other is a non-spore anaerobic bacteria. 4.1 Clostridium perfringens Gram-positive bacilli, after the formation of spores strong resistance, can survive in the soil more than ten years, once the appropriate conditions can budding and reproduction, resulting in exotoxin, causing serious illness. Representative strains are: (1) tetanus Bacillus spores are round, larger than the bacteria, located at one end of the bacteria form drumstick-like. Often in the dirt and animal intestine. The bacteria can invade the wound caused by infection, but need to have anaerobic microenvironment, such as narrow and deep wounds, or necrotic tissue and associated with aerobic bacterial mixed wounds, only the local reproduction of the wound, the general does not invade the bloodstream , Can produce highly toxic tetanus spasm hormone, the role of blood flow in the brainstem and spinal cord nerve cells, so that skeletal muscle spasm. Clinical manifestations of paroxysmal convulsions, trismus, smile face, stiff neck, angle arch anti-Zhang and other symptoms. Often due to breathing difficulties, suffocation and death. Suspected of tetanus