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目的:对新生儿先天性畸形疾病的检出率和相关危险因素进行总结性研究。方法:选择近年来我院收治的接受产前检查的孕妇1300例,将其中发现的192例先天性畸形新生儿的孕妇作为研究组,再抽取同期分娩的生产健康足月新生儿的孕妇192例,定义为对照组。对比分析两组新生儿先天性畸形发生的危险因素。结果:研究结果显示,新生儿先天性畸形疾病的发生率达到14.8%。研究组研究对象居住在城镇、文化水平高中以下、年收入2000元以下、孕期阶段合并糖尿病、孕期合并病毒感染、有遗传病史、孕期接触过农药和化学制剂、孕期服用镇静药物和激素类药物、有吸烟酗酒习惯的人数明显多于对照组,组间数据比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结果:目前新生儿先天性畸形疾病的发病率能够达到10%以上,且孕妇居住在城镇、文化水平高中以下、年收入2000元以下、孕期阶段合并糖尿病、孕期合并病毒感染、有遗传病史、孕期接触过农药和化学制剂、孕期服用镇静药物和激素类药物、有吸烟酗酒习惯是导致新生儿先天性畸形事件发生的主要因素。结论:充分掌握导致新生儿先天性畸形事件发生的危险因素,并在孕期或备孕阶段针对危险因素对育龄期女性进行干预,可以使新生儿先天性畸形事件的发生率明显降低。
Objective: To summarize the detection rate of newborn congenital malformations and the related risk factors. Methods: One hundred and thirteen pregnant women who received prenatal examination in our hospital in recent years were selected. Among them, 192 pregnant women with congenital malformations found in the study group were selected as the study group, and 192 pregnant women with healthy full-term newborns delivered during the same period were selected. , Defined as the control group. The risk factors of congenital malformation were compared between the two groups. Results: The results show that the incidence of neonatal congenital malformations reached 14.8%. Study group living in urban areas, below the level of high school education, the annual income of 2,000 yuan less, during pregnancy with diabetes mellitus, pregnancy with viral infection, genetic history, exposure to pesticides and chemicals during pregnancy, sedation during pregnancy sedatives and hormonal drugs, The number of people who had a habit of smoking and drinking was significantly more than that of the control group, with significant difference between the groups (P <0.05). Results: At present, the incidence of congenital malformations in newborns can reach over 10%, and pregnant women live in cities and towns below the high school education level with an annual income of less than 2,000 yuan. During pregnancy, they have diabetes mellitus. During pregnancy, they have a combination of viral infection and genetic history. Exposure to pesticides and chemicals, taking sedative drugs and hormone drugs during pregnancy, smoking habit of alcohol is the leading cause of neonatal congenital malformations of the main factors. Conclusion: To fully understand the risk factors of neonatal congenital malformations and to intervene the risk factors for women of childbearing age during pregnancy or preparation phase can significantly reduce the incidence of congenital malformations in neonates.