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目的探讨震后灾民临时安置点传染病流行危险因素及防制对策。方法根据笔者在木瓜坪村灾民临时安置点近1个月的卫生防病工作情况,分析安置点存在的传染病流行危险因素:①人员高度集聚;②居住环境及居住条件差;③灾民体质和抵抗力下降;④饮食安全存在隐患;⑤饮用水水量、水质难以保障;⑥缺乏有效的传染病监测、报告体系。采取的防制措施:①建立传染病应急监测体系;②组织开展对安置点环境的清理和消杀工作;③对集中伙食点和饮用水实施跟踪保障;④恢复灾后免疫接种;⑤开展对灾后卫生防病知识的应急宣传。结果临时安置期间,木瓜坪村共有15名村民出现发热、腹泻或发热+腹泻症状,均为散发。未发生传染病疫情、食物中毒、饮水污染事故或其他突发公共卫生事件。结论①灾民临时安置阶段是传染病防控的关键时期;②该阶段的传染病防治必须采取综合防制措施;③建立应急传染病防制网络是灾后防病的重要措施。
Objective To explore the epidemiological risk factors and control strategies of infectious diseases in temporary shelters of post-quake victims. Methods According to the author’s health and disease prevention work in the temporary resettlement site of the victims in the village of Muqiaoping for 1 month, the risk factors of infectious diseases existing at the resettlement sites were analyzed: (1) high concentration of personnel; (2) poor living environment and living conditions; (3) Resistance decreased; ④ food safety risks; ⑤ drinking water, water quality is difficult to protect; ⑥ lack of effective infectious disease surveillance and reporting system. Take preventive measures: ① establishment of infectious disease emergency monitoring system; ② organize resettlement site clean-up and disinfection work; ③ focus on food and drinking water tracking implementation; ④ post-disaster immunization recovery; ⑤ carry out post-disaster Emergency prevention and health knowledge of the publicity. Results During the temporary resettlement, a total of 15 villagers in the village of Muqaping developed fever, diarrhea or fever + diarrhea. No epidemic of infectious diseases, food poisoning, drinking water pollution accidents or other public health emergencies occurred. Conclusion ① The temporary resettlement phase of victims is the key period for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. ② The prevention and control of infectious diseases in this stage must take comprehensive prevention and control measures. ③ The establishment of emergency prevention and control network is an important measure to prevent and control diseases after a disaster.