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污染物质进入海湾以后,有的漂浮于水面,有的悬浮于海水之中,有的溶于海水之中,还有的沉降于海底成为沉积物。污染物质不管属于哪种存在形式,它们都在水体中进行着物理过程、化学过程和生物过程。这些过程称作自净能力。进入水体的污染物质在上述三种过程的作用下,将部分地或全部地被吸收、沉降或稀释或转化,最后使环境恢复到原来的状况。在自净能力的三种过程中,物理自净能力占主导地位,生物和化学自净能力的作用是重要的,但与物理自净能力比较其作用相差1～2个量级。本章重点阐述物理自净能力的机制和作用。 物理过程主要包括稀释和混合与吸附和沉积两部分作用。稀释是一个重要的物理过程。由
After the pollutants enter the bay, some float on the water surface, others float in the sea water, some dissolve in the sea water, and others settle on the sea floor to become sediments. Regardless of their existence, pollutants are all physically, chemically, and biologically involved in water bodies. These processes are called self-purification capabilities. The pollutants entering the water body will be partially or fully absorbed, settled or diluted or transformed under the action of the above three processes, finally bringing the environment back to its original condition. In the three processes of self-purification ability, physical self-purification ability dominates. The function of biological and chemical self-purification ability is important, but it differs from physical self-purification ability by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. This chapter focuses on the mechanism and role of physical self-purification capabilities. Physical processes include dilution and mixing and adsorption and deposition of two parts. Dilution is an important physical process. by