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1986年,世界卫生组织(WHO)提出了促进癌痛治疗的首项建议方案。然而这些方案并不完善。根据镇痛阶梯治疗方案,需要依照疼痛程度不同而递进式地使用镇痛药。这种疗法还认为病人疼痛程度和镇痛药的预期效能是可以相提并论的。WHO将镇痛药的使用方法划分为三个阶段:第一阶段应用非阿片类镇痛药(扑热息痛或非甾体抗炎药);第二阶段使用弱阿片类药物(氢可酮、可待因或曲马多);第三阶段应用强阿片类药物(吗啡、氢化吗啡酮、氧可酮、芬太尼或美沙酮)。可另外选择一些药物(佐剂)以消除
In 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO) put forward the first proposal to promote the treatment of cancer pain. However, these programs are not perfect. According to the analgesic ladder treatment program, need to use progressive analgesics according to the degree of pain. This treatment also considers the patient’s pain level and the expected efficacy of analgesics comparable. The WHO classifies the use of analgesics into three phases: the first phase uses non-opioid analgesics (paracetamol or NSAIDs); the second phase uses a weak opioid (hydrocodone, which can be treated Or tramadol); the third phase of the application of strong opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, fentanyl or methadone). A few more medications (adjuvants) may be chosen to eliminate them