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利用7个性状差異较大的玉米自交系组成4个杂交第1代(F_1)以及B_1B_2和F_2,采用世代均数分析法,以最适模型或六参数模型的效应值为数量指标,对玉米主要性状的基因效应进行了分析,探讨了基因效应与优势表现和衰退的关系,结果表明:1.穗长、穗直径、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数、单穗粒重和百粒重等,显性作用明显,加性效应和上位性效应作用程度的大小因组合而異;2.根的抗拉力、叶而积、叶向值,株高和吐丝期的叶绿素含量等,显性作用明显,上位性效应因组合不同而大小各異,加性效应作用最小;3.叶片数和果位高的加性效应在所有组合中均达到显著水平,其效应值的高低因组合而異,上位性效应和显性效应在多数组合中作用明显;4.根的抗拉力和百粒重的遗传,参试的所有组合均符合加性,显他和上位性双基因互作模型,其中根的抗拉力符合重复互作类型,5.基因效应的分析结果与杂种优势的表现和衰退基本一致。杂种优势的表现和衰退是显性效应或显性与上位性效应共同作用的结果。
Four F1 hybrids (F_1) and B_1B_2 and F_2 were constructed by using seven inbred lines of maize with different traits. The average value of the mean value was used to analyze the effect of the optimal model or the six-parameter model as the quantitative index. The main effects of maize were analyzed in terms of gene effect, and the relationship between gene effect and superiority and recession was discussed. The results showed that: 1. The length of panicle, the diameter of panicles, the number of panicles per panicle, the number of panicles per panicle, 100-grain weight, obvious dominant effect, additive effect and epistatic effect of the extent of the role of the size of the combination of differences; 2 root tensile, leaf area plot, leaf value, plant height and silkworm chlorophyll Content and so on, obvious dominant effect, epistatic effect due to different combinations of different sizes, additive effect of the role of the least; 3 leaf number and fruit height additive effect reached a significant level in all combinations, the effect of High and low due to the combination of different, epistatic effects and dominant effects in most combinations obvious effect; 4 root tensile and 100 weight of genetic, all combinations tested are additive, was his and epistatic double Gene interaction model, in which the root of the tensile strength in line with the type of repeated interaction, 5. Gene effect The results are basically the same and heterosis performance and recession. The performance and recession of heterosis is the result of a combination of dominant or dominant and epistatic effects.