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乙型肝炎(HB)主要以两种方式传播:①通过血液及血浆制品以及未经充分消毒的污染针头与器具穿入皮肤粘膜传播,如纹身法、针刺、耳鼻穿刺、划痕法、礼仪性手术和放血等。②经胃肠道、密切接触和性行为传播,新近已被证实。其它传播方式还未完全列举。如热天,蚊及其它吸血性昆虫能否传播 HB?这种可能性已研究多年,至今仍有争论。作为病毒标志的 HBsAg,已在野生的和人工喂养感染血的数种蚊中检出。但在昆虫中复制病毒与长期保存抗原,尚未取得令人信服的证据。臭虫同人类的生活比蚊更为密切,它能把血和HB 病毒从同一张床上的一人传给另一人。在象牙海岸的妓院里采集18只吸满了血的臭虫,其中的1只检出了 HBsAg。在实验研究中,用 HB 患者血喂养臭虫,4周以后仍可检出 HBsAg,而用抗原喂养的稚
Hepatitis B (HB) is mainly transmitted in two ways: ① through the blood and plasma products and contaminated needles and utensils contaminated penetrate the skin and mucous membrane transmission, such as tattoo, acupuncture, ear nose puncture, scratches, etiquette Sex surgery and bleeding. ② gastrointestinal tract, close contact and sexual transmission, has recently been confirmed. Other modes of transmission are not yet fully enumerated. Such as hot weather, mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects can spread HB? This possibility has been studied for many years, is still controversial. HBsAg, a hallmark of the virus, has been detected in several species of mosquitoes infected with blood, both wild and artificial. However, there is no convincing evidence yet of replicating viruses and preserving antigens in insects. Bed bugs are more closely linked to human life than mosquitos, and can pass blood and HB virus from one person on the same bed to another. Twenty-eight blood-borne bugs were collected in a brothel in the Ivory Coast, one of which detected HBsAg. In an experimental study, bed bugs were fed with HB patient blood and HBsAg was still detectable after 4 weeks, while naive with antigen