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本文认为，原来的或现今的社会主义国家在摒弃传统经济体制的过程中，存在着两种不同性质的改革。改变国有企业的＂无人负责＂状况，发展商品生产者之间的竞争，消除收入分配中的平均主义弊端，可以通过建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制来加以解决。文章分析了＂激进式＂改革与＂渐进式＂改革的特点与绩效，提出选择何种转轨方式必须依据各国的国情，没有固定不变的模式；而对于以建立社会主义市场经济体制为目标的国家来说，积极的＂渐进式＂改革很可能是较为适宜的转轨方式。
This paper argues that in the process of abandoning the traditional economic system, the original or present socialist countries have two kinds of reforms of different nature. Changing the state of “unmanagedness” of state-owned enterprises, developing competition among commodity producers and eliminating the egalitarian malpractices in income distribution can be solved through the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economic system. The article analyzes the characteristics and performance of “radical” and “gradual” reforms, and suggests that the choice of the mode of transition must be based on the national conditions of each country and there is no fixed model. For the purpose of establishing a socialist market economy system, Countries, the positive “gradual” reform is likely to be more appropriate mode of transition.