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Dioxin can cause a series of neural toxicological effects.MicroRNAs (miRs) play important roles in regulating nervous system function and mediating cellular responses to environmental pollutants,such as dioxin.Hsa-miR-146b-5p appears to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors.However,httle is known about effects of dioxin on the expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p.We found that the hsa-miR-146b-5p expression and its promoter activity were significantly increased in dioxin treated SK-N-SH cells,a human-derived neuroblastoma cell line.Potential roles of hsa-miR-146b-5p in mediating neural toxicological effects of dioxin may be due to the regulation of certain target genes.We further confirmed that hsa-miR-146b-5p significantly suppressed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and targeted the 3’-untranslated region of the AChE T subunit,which has been down-regulated in dioxin treated SK-N-SH cells.Functional bioinformatic analysis showed that the known and predicted target genes of hsa-miR-146b-5p were involved in some brain functions or cyto-toxicities related to known dioxin effects,including synapse transmission,in which AChE may serve as a responsive gene for mediating the effect.