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目的 :摸清我军某型坦克作业时产生的主要空气污染物的污染特点和规律 ,为开展毒性效应和防护措施研究提供科学依据。方法 :无机污染物包括 :一氧化碳 (CO) ,二氧化碳(CO2 ) ,二氧化氮 (NO2 )硫化氢 (H2 S) ,二氧化硫 (SO2 ) ,氨 (NH3)及总悬浮颗粒物 (TSP)采用化学传感器测定 ;挥发性有机物 (VOCs :主要有总烃、苯系物 )采用气相色谱法测定。作业条件分为单纯行驶、行进射击和静止射击三种。结果 :不同作业条件下产生的污染物主要是CO、SO2 、TSP、NH3和总烃 ,其在坦克驾驶舱环境污染情况与特征是不同的。结论 :我军某型坦克在不同作业条件下作业时能够产生多种有害物质 ,部分浓度还比较高。其联合作用可能是影响指战员作业能力与效率的重要原因之一。
Objectives: To find out the characteristics and laws of the pollution of major air pollutants generated during the operation of a tank of our army and provide a scientific basis for the study of toxicity effects and protective measures. Methods: Inorganic pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3) and total suspended particulates (TSP) were measured by chemical sensors ; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs: mainly total hydrocarbons, benzene series) by gas chromatography. Operating conditions are divided into simple driving, moving shots and still shots three. Results: The pollutants generated under different operating conditions were mainly CO, SO2, TSP, NH3 and total hydrocarbons. The environmental pollution and characteristics in the tank cockpit were different. Conclusion: A certain type of tank of our army can produce many kinds of harmful substances when working under different working conditions, and some concentrations are still relatively high. Its joint effect may be one of the important reasons that affect the ability and efficiency of officers and men of operations.