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在大田同等密度条件下,设计了单、双株与对、错位组合的4种种植方式,研究其对华北春播“郑单958”密植群体的冠层结构、功能及产量的影响。结果表明:相比常规单株对位种植方式,双株错位、双株对位和单株错位种植方式下玉米群体的冠层垂直分布呈现叶和茎的干重权重比例下移、群体叶片垂直分布趋于“纺锤形”;植株个体穗下层茎叶夹角显著增加2.4°~3.4°,尤其双株错位和双株对位有效扩展了个体生态位,显示了耐密调控能力;灌浆期前,各处理群体LAI及叶片功能活性略显劣势,但在此之后LAI、穗位叶及穗下叶片中SPAD值衰减速度延缓,功能期延长;3个处理比常规种植方式增产11.2%~12.7%,但差异未达显著水平;抗倒性强、空杆率低、千粒重显著增多是产量较高的主要因素;密植条件下改变传统的单株对位种植,能够改善密植群体冠层结构,优化个体形态,提高生育后期冠层中下部叶片功能活性,从而实现耐密、增产、稳产。
Under the same field density, four planting modes of single, double and right and wrong combination were designed and their effects on canopy structure, function and yield of spring sowing “Zhengdan 958” in North China were studied. The results showed that the canopy vertical distribution of maize population under double-plant dislocation, double-plant alignment and single-plant dislocation planting pattern showed that the dry weight ratio of leaves and stems decreased, the population vertical The angle between stems and leaves of individual plants increased significantly by 2.4 ° ~ 3.4 °. In particular, the double niches and twin plants were effective in extending the individual niche and showing the ability of tolerance control. Grouting The LAI and functional activity of leaves in all treatment groups were slightly weaker than before, but after that, the decay rate of SPAD and the functional duration of LAI, ear and leaves were prolonged. The three treatments increased the yield by 11.2% 12.7%, but the difference was not significant; strong lodging resistance, low empty pole, and a significant increase of 1000-grain weight were the main factors with higher yield; changing the traditional single-plant planting in close planting could improve the canopy structure of close-planting population , Optimize the individual morphology and enhance the functional activity of the middle and lower leaves of the canopy in late growth stage, thus achieving the characteristics of dense tolerance, increased yield and stable yield.