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探测火星一直是人类深空探测的热点之一,火星上因存在大气层。降落伞一直是确保火星探测器安全着陆于火星表面的一种重要的气动减速装置。然而,由于火星上大气密度非常稀薄,因此掌握降落伞在火星大气环境下的充气性能是火星探测器着陆系统工程设计中的关键,同时也是火星探测器减速着陆系统工作性能评定的理论分析模型或数值仿真系统中必须要解决的一个问题。文章通过降落伞轴向-径向动量守恒充气模型,研究了大气密度对降落伞充气性能的影响,得到了大气密度对降落伞充气时间、充气距离、充气过程中伞衣面积变化的影响规律。研究结果表明,目前有关降落伞充气性能的一些经验关系式对于火星这种稀薄大气环境已不再适用;在火星稀薄的大气环境下,降落伞的充气时间、充气距离随大气密度的减小将急剧增大;伞衣阻力面积为充气过程中时间的4次多项式关系。该成果对于火星探测器减速着陆系统的工程设计、试验及性能评估等均具有较好的参考价值。
Mars exploration has been one of the hot spots in human deep space exploration, due to the presence of atmosphere on Mars. Parachutes have long been an important aerodynamic deceleration device for ensuring that the Mars rover landed safely on the surface of Mars. However, due to the extremely low density of atmosphere on Mars, understanding the inflation performance of a parachute in the atmosphere of Mars is the key to the design of the Mars rover landing system. It is also the theoretical analysis model or numerical evaluation of the performance of a Mars rover landing system A problem that must be solved in the simulation system. In this paper, the influence of atmospheric density on the parachute inflation performance was studied by the parachute axial-radial momentum conservation inflation model. The effect of atmospheric density on the parachute inflation time, inflation distance and the change of the area of the umbrella canopy during the inflation process was obtained. The results show that at present, some empirical correlations about the inflation performance of parachutes are no longer applicable to the thin atmosphere of Mars. In the thin atmosphere of Mars, the inflation time and inflation distance of parachutes will increase sharply with the decrease of atmospheric density The area of resistance of the canopy is the fourth degree polynomial relationship of the time in the inflation process. The results for the Mars probe deceleration landing system engineering design, testing and performance evaluation have a good reference value.