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在 1978～ 1994年中国玉米生产用主要种质中 ,改良Reid和旅大红骨的比重直线上升 ,Lancaster呈抛物线式下降 ,四平头趋于平稳 ,其它种质则显著减少 ,至 1994年四大核心种质约占86 3%。“八五”期间我国审 (认 )定玉米主要品种的组成为 :Reid和Lancaster各占 2 5 6 % ,四平头、旅大红骨分别占 17 9%和 10 7% ,四大种质占 79 9% ,然而其骨干系多为改良系所代替 ,掺进了大量的其它种质 ,由此可见我国玉米种质改良取得了明显成效。根据系谱关系、配合力和杂种优势等 ,将我国玉米主要种质划分为五大杂种优势群、九个亚群 ,即改良Reid、Lancaster(Mo17和自 330两个亚群 )、四平头、旅大红骨和其它 (Suwan、外杂选、综合种选和其它低纬度种质四个亚群 )杂种优势群 ,总结探索出 10种主体杂交优势利用模式、16种子模式 ,其中 4种子模式应用较多 ,3种子模式发展趋势明显 ,4种子模式明显衰退 ,并对其利用及种质改良等问题进行了讨论
Among the main germplasm used for maize production in China from 1978 to 1994, the proportion of modified Reid and Luda Redbones rose linearly. Lancaster showed a parabolic decline, the Siping flat tended to be stable, and the other germplasm decreased significantly. By 1994, the four core Germplasm accounts for 86.3%. During the period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the main varieties of corn in China were reviewed and approved as follows: Reid and Lancaster each accounted for 25.6%, Siping and Luda Red Bones accounted for 17.9% and 107% respectively, while the four genera accounted for 79 However, most of its skeletons were replaced by improved lines, and a large number of other germplasms were incorporated into it. This shows that the improvement of maize germplasm in China has achieved remarkable results. According to pedigree relationship, combining ability and heterosis, the main maize germplasms in China were divided into five major heterosis groups, and nine sub-groups, that is, improved Reid, Lancaster (Mo17 and 330 sub-groups), Siping head, Bone and other heterotic groups (Suwan, exometrics, comprehensive selection and other four low-latitude germplasm) heterosis groups were summarized and 10 heterotic heterosis utilization patterns and 16 seed patterns were explored. Among them, 4 patterns , The obvious trend of the development of the three seed patterns, the obvious decline of the four seed patterns and their utilization and germplasm improvement were discussed