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Purpose: To study refractive changes over the course of 5 years in citizens of Reykjavik 50 years and older at baseline. Methods: The cohort was a population -based random sample of citizens 50 years and older. Eight hundred forty-six of the 958 survivors (88.2%) underwent a 5-year follow-up examin ation. Refraction and keratometry were performed using a Nidek (Gamagori, Japan) ARK 900 autorefractor keratometer. Typing and grading of lens opacification was carried out using Scheimpflug slit-lamp and retroilluminated images (Nidek EAS 1000), and axial length was measured by Nidek Echoscan 800. Results: Seven hund red fifty-seven right eyes were available for refraction analysis. In the 50-t o 59-year age group and the 60-to 69-year age group at baseline, there was a hyperopic shift of 0.41 diopters (D) and 0.34D, respectively, during the 5 years . There was a 0.02-D myopic shift for those 70 years of age and older at baseli ne during the same period. Considering all right eyes, there was a hyperopic shi ft of +0.29 D over the 5 years, whereas eyes with nuclear lens opacification gr ade II or more at baseline had a mean myopic shift of-0.65 D. There was a mean change of 0.13 D in the astigmatism against the rule during the 5 years. The dat a on axial length are available from the followup study only. The mean axial len gth for those 50 to 59 years of age at baseline was 23.56mm (standard deviation [SD], 1.08 mm), as compared with 23.23 mm (SD, 1.27 mm) for those 70 years of ag e and older at baseline (P< 0.04). Conclusions: We found a hyperopic shift for t hose younger than 70 years of age at baseline, although eyes with nuclear opacif ication grade of II or more at baseline were associated with a myopic shift. The re was also an age-related shift against the rule for the axis of astigmatism d uring the 5-year period. Our results may be useful for predicting long-term ou tcome of refractive surgery.
Objective: To study refractive changes over the course of 5 years in citizens of Reykjavik 50 years and older at baseline. Methods: The cohort was a population-based random sample of citizens 50 years and older. Eight hundred forty-six of the 958 survivors (88.2%) underwent a 5-year follow-up examintion. Refraction and keratometry were performed using a Nidek (Gamagori, Japan) ARK 900 autorefractor keratometer. Typing and grading of lens opacification was carried out using Scheimpflug slit-lamp and retroilluminated images (Nidek EAS 1000), and axial length was measured by Nidek Echoscan 800. Results: Seven hund red fifty-seven right eyes were available for refraction analysis. In the 50-to 59-year age group and the 60-to 69-year age group at baseline, there was a hyperopic shift of 0.41 diopters (D) and 0.34D, respectively, during the 5 years. There was a 0.02-D myopic shift for those 70 years of age and older at baseli ne during the same period Considering all right eyes, there wa sa hyperopic shi ft of +0.29 D over the 5 years, eyes with nuclear lens opacification gr ade II or more at baseline had a mean myopic shift of-0.65 D. There was a mean change of 0.13 D in the astigmatism against the rule The mean axial len gth for those 50 to 59 years of age at baseline was 23.56 mm (standard deviation [SD], 1.08 mm), as compared with the follow-up study We found a hyperopic shift for t hose younger than 70 years of age at baseline, although eyes with nuclear opacif (23.73 mm (SD, 1.27 mm) for those 70 years of age and older at baseline ication grade of II or more at baseline were associated with a myopic shift. The re was also an age-related shift against the rule for the axis of astigmatism d uring the 5-year period. Our results may be useful for predicting long-term ou tcome of refractive surgery.