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禅让制是我国原始社会末期部落联盟内部民主推举首领的一种办法,它的运行机制与被推举人的德能、才干有着密切的联系,但首领的军事实力也是不可忽视的因素。这种制度的存在对部落联盟的巩固、扩大乃至早期国家雏形的形成有着至关重要的作用。它的终结是一个较为漫长的过程,其中的历史变迁、权力斗争值得我们思考,北师大版七年级上册第五课——《夏商西周的更迭》中是这样表述的,“公元前2070年,禹建立我国历史上第一个奴隶制国家——夏朝;禹死后,他的儿子启继承了王位,从此,世袭制代替了‘禅让制’,‘公天下’变成了‘家天下’”。这种表述,很容易使学生对禅让制的终结产生模糊的概念,本文就试着从解析这一制度的历史踪迹来提出对教材表述的理解。
The system of letting go of meditation is a way for the democratically elected leaders in the tribal alliance of primitive societies in our country. Its operating mechanism is closely linked to the virtues and abilities of those who are being promoted. However, the military strength of chiefs is also a factor that can not be ignored. The existence of such a system plays an important role in consolidating and expanding the tribal coalition and even in the embryonic form of the early state. Its end is a relatively long process, in which the historical changes and power struggles deserve our consideration. This is expressed in the fifth edition of the sixth grade of the Beijing Normal University edition - “The Change of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties.” In 2070, Yu established the first slavery state in the history of our country, the Xia Dynasty. After Yu died, his son Kai succeeded the throne. Since then, the hereditary system replaced the system of ’ Home world ’ ". This kind of expression makes it easy for students to vaguely conceptualize the end of the system of letting go. The article tries to come up with an understanding of the teaching material from the historical traces of this system.