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目的了解艾滋病患者生存质量与人口学特征、心理健康状况和社会支持的关系。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取宝鸡市疾病预防控制中心2011年1月至2016年8月确诊为HIV感染并符合抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病患者为调查对象,收集调查对象的基本信息,用WHO艾滋病生存质量量表(WHOQOL-HLV-BREF)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查,采用描述流行病学方法对结果进行分析。结果共对48例艾滋病患者进行调查,以男性为主,占77.08%(37/48);年龄19~61岁,以31~50岁居多,占64.58%(31/48);职业以农民(占47.92%,23/48)和工人(占31.25%,15/48)为主;婚姻状况以有配偶为主,占68.75%(33/48);文化程度以高中(中专)及以下为主,占85.42%(41/48);月均收入以2 000~3 499元为主,占45.83%(22/48);服药时间<3年占47.92%(23/48)。调查对象的社会支持总分为(23.93±1.81)分,抑郁、焦虑和精神病性中度及以上心理问题的检出率依次为68.75%、52.08%、35.42%。精神病性因子得分与生存质量呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),人际敏感、敌对和恐怖因子得分只与生存质量的心理领域呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。客观支持、社会支持总分与生存质量(心理、精神和总分)呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论艾滋病患者生存质量与心理健康状况和社会支持密切相关,应采取针对性措施,消除艾滋病患者心理问题,加强各种社会支持,不断提高患者的生存质量。
Objective To understand the relationship between quality of life and demographic characteristics, mental health and social support in AIDS patients. Methods A random sampling method was used to collect AIDS patients from Baoji Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2011 to August 2016 who were diagnosed as HIV-infected and conformed to anti-retroviral therapy. The subjects were collected from basic information and WHO AIDS Survival WHOQOL-HLV-BREF, SCL-90 and SSRS were used to investigate the results and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the results. Results A total of 48 HIV / AIDS patients were surveyed, accounting for 77.08% (37/48) of the total. Men aged 19-61 years old were predominantly 31- to 50-year-old (64.58%, 31/48) Accounting for 47.92% and 23/48 respectively) and workers (31.25% and 15/48). The marital status was dominated by spouses, accounting for 68.75% (33/48). The educational attainment of senior high school (secondary technical school) and below Accounting for 85.42% (41/48). The average monthly income was 2 000- 3 499 yuan, accounting for 45.83% (22/48). The medication time was less than 3 years (47.92%, 23/48). The total score of social support for the surveyed subjects was (23.93 ± 1.81) points. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and psychosis was 68.75%, 52.08% and 35.42% respectively. The scores of psychotic factors were negatively correlated with the quality of life (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The scores of interpersonal sensitivity, hostility and terror factors were only negatively correlated with the psychological quality of life (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Objective support, social support scores were positively correlated with quality of life (mental, mental and total score) (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion The quality of life of AIDS patients is closely related to mental health status and social support. Targeted measures should be taken to eliminate the psychological problems of AIDS patients, strengthen various social supports and improve the quality of life of patients.