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目的了解中小学校开展以预防乙肝、菌痢和其他感染性腹泻病为主的健康教育效果,以减少中小学生相关传染病的发生。方法在天津市红桥区中、小学抽取生源师资水平接近的10所项目学校和4所对照学校,对四～九年级学生进行基线调查,随后对10所项目学校进行干预,另外4所学校作为对照,并于1个月后再次采用同一试卷评估。结果开展学生健康促进活动后,学生腹泻患病率从干预前的6.6%下降到干预后的2.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.814,P<0.05);腹泻伴发热由1.8%下降到干预后的0.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.867,P<0.05);干预后学生饭前洗手形成率从干预前的73.4%上升到干预后的91.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=118.652,P<0.05)。结论学校是学生获取健康知识的最佳途径。家庭、学校密切合作,共同督促是干预学生不良行为及控制学校传染病暴发的关键。
Objective To understand the health education effects of primary and secondary schools on prevention of hepatitis B, bacillary dysentery and other infectious diarrheal diseases so as to reduce the incidence of primary and secondary school-related infectious diseases. Methods In the primary and secondary schools in Tianjin, 10 project schools and 4 control schools with similar levels of students and teachers were selected to conduct baseline surveys of students in grades 4 to 9, and then 10 project schools were intervened. The other 4 schools Control, and after 1 month again using the same test paper assessment. Results The prevalence rate of diarrhea dropped from 6.6% before intervention to 2.5% after intervention in students’ health promotion activities (χ2 = 18.814, P <0.05). Diarrhea with fever decreased from 1.8% to The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.867, P <0.05). The incidence of handwashing before meals increased from 73.4% before intervention to 91.7% after intervention, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.867, = 118.652, P <0.05). Conclusion Schools are the best way for students to acquire health knowledge. Close cooperation between families and schools and joint supervision and supervision are the keys to intervene in student misconduct and control the outbreak of infectious diseases in schools.