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在中西文化中,人性问题一直受到普遍的重视。人性之为何以及人性是否可以改变,是整个问题争论的中心。在中国思想史上,荀子的人性论是与孟子的性善论截然不同的一种性恶论。而在西方思想史上,波德莱尔的人性论较之以往其他的人性论也有显著的不同,它是以颠覆性的姿态出现的。荀子与波德莱尔的相似之处,在于都是以描写“恶”、论述“恶”著称于世,都认为人性中存在恶的因子,但恶不是绝对的,可以通过“心知”抑制恶、改造恶。但由于差别巨大的文化背景和身处不同的历史时期,他们对人性的理解又是迥然相异的。荀子的性恶论是基于经验主义的,而波德莱尔的性恶论则是基于本体论的,是基督教原罪说在现代资本主社会下的一种表现。
In both Chinese and Western cultures, the issue of humanity has always been given universal prominence. Why human nature and humanity can be changed is the center of the whole issue of controversy. In the history of Chinese thoughts, Xunzi’s theory of human nature is a kind of evil theory which is totally different from Mencius’s theory of goodness. In the history of western thought, Baudelaire’s theory of human nature is significantly different from other theories of human nature in the past. It appears in a subversive manner. The similarities between Xunzi and Baudelaire lie in the fact that both are described as “evil ”, “evil ” is known in the world, all think there is evil in human factors, but evil is not absolute, you can “Know” to suppress evil, evil transformation. However, their understanding of human nature is very different due to the vastly different cultural backgrounds and different historical periods. Xunzi’s theory of sexuality and evil is based on empiricism, and Baudelaire’s theory of sexuality and evil is based on ontology, which is an expression of Christian sin in the capitalist society of modern capital.