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中国古代的理想国都是纯粹的农业乌托邦。进人近代社会以后，追求平等与效率完美统一的工业乌托邦逐步形成，取代了古代的农业理想国。平等与效率的统一是人类理应追求的目标，但二者的完美统一却永远只能是美好的理想，强为实现的结果必然是效率的消解。在中国近现代历史上，这种新乌托邦始终是众多志士仁人的理想，对中国社会产生了极为深远的影响。
The ideal countries in ancient China were purely agricultural utopias. After entering the modern society, the industrial utopia, which pursues the perfect unity of equality and efficiency, has gradually taken shape and replaced the ancient ideal country of agriculture. The unification of equality and efficiency is the goal to be pursued by mankind. However, the perfect unification of the two can always only be a good ideal, and the result that must be achieved is inevitably an inefficiency of efficiency. In the modern history of China, this new utopia has always been the ideal of many aspiring people and has had a profound and far-reaching impact on Chinese society.