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为探讨秸秆和氮肥不同配比对平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis)植株生长和氮素吸收、分配和利用的影响,采用15N同位素示踪技术,以二年生盆栽平邑甜茶为试材,研究了不同秸秆和氮肥配比条件下平邑甜茶的生长、15N尿素吸收利用和土壤碳氮比等参数,发现秸秆和氮肥不同配比对平邑甜茶植株的生长及15N-尿素的吸收、分配和利用具有不同的影响。园土和秸秆比在45:1的水平,同时配施氮肥(N300mg·kg-1)时,植株株高、茎粗和植株总干重的值最高,分别为85.33cm、8.05mm和74.68g;植株的全氮、15N吸收量和利用率也最大,分别为0.938g、0.029g和9.74%。不加秸秆而仅施加氮肥(N200mg·kg-1)的对照(CK)的根冠比最大,为1.54,显著高于其他各种处理。各试验处理地上部分从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对地上部分全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)均大于地下部分,且CK各器官Ndff值最高,地上部分和地下部分分别为7.94%和4.69%。除CK外,各处理15N分配率均是地上部>地下部。秸秆的施用显著提高了土壤的有机质、全氮含量和土壤有机质C/N比。相关性分析结果表明,土壤有机质C/N比与植株地下部分Ndff值有极显著负相关性(p<0.01),与植株整株Ndff值有显著负相关性(p<0.05)。建议果园秸秆配施氮肥时,控制秸秆施用量在45:1水平,氮肥在200-300mg·kg-1之间较好。
In order to investigate the effects of different stalks and nitrogen fertilizers on plant growth and nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization of Malus hupehensis, 15N isotope tracing technique was used to study the effects of different stalks The results showed that the different proportion of straw and nitrogen fertilizer had different effects on the growth and the absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N-urea in Phyllostachys praecox treated with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, influences. Plant height, stem diameter and plant total dry weight were the highest at the ratio of soil to straw of 45: 1 with nitrogen fertilizer (N300mg · kg-1) at 85.33cm, 8.05mm and 74.68g The total N, 15N uptake and utilization of plant were also the largest, which were 0.938g, 0.029g and 9.74% respectively. The root-shoot ratio (CK) of the control (CK) without straw and nitrogen fertilizer only (N200mg · kg-1) was the highest, which was 1.54, which was significantly higher than other treatments. The contribution rate (Ndff) of 15N aboveground parts assimilated from fertilizers to aerial parts of shoots was higher than underground parts, and Ndff values of CK organs were the highest, and the aboveground and underground parts were 7.94% and 4.69 %. In addition to CK, the distribution rate of 15N for all treatments was aboveground> underground. Straw application significantly increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen and soil organic matter C / N ratio. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation (P <0.01) between C / N ratio of soil organic matter and Ndff value of plant underground parts, and a significant negative correlation with plant Ndff value (p <0.05). Proposed straw orchard with nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of straw applied to control the level of 45: 1, nitrogen fertilizer between 200-300mg · kg-1 better.