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宋代锁厅试为现任官所参加的科举考试,是肇兴于宋代的一种重要的进士科考试形式。宋代发解锁厅考试应举者与白身士子分场考试,独立解额,并且对锁厅落第者的惩罚经历了由严到宽的变化;锁厅试考官由国家专门派遣,其选拔条件似较州郡发解试严格,其考试科目似与州郡发解试一致。参加锁厅试的“有官人”主要分为恩荫得官者、宗室已授官者和因摄官、特奏名、进纳等途径获得低级官职者。锁厅人不得为状元,且其赐第情况经历了由卑到优的变化。锁厅中第者在官职迁转上,从纵向来看,在宋太宗朝时最为优厚,之后渐有裁抑;从横向上看,较布衣者为优,且与锁厅人试前所任官职密切相关。宋人一方面接受锁厅试作为科举考试补充的权威性,另一方面也承认锁厅试是官宦阶层特权的表现。宋代锁厅试是赵宋统治者在平衡食禄之家与寒畯士人利益冲突中的一次有益尝试,强化了宋廷崇重文教的取士理念,也对提高官员素质、引导社会向学风气发挥了积极作用。在宋代社会阶层流动加剧、庶族逐渐崛起的社会形势下,锁厅试的出现及发展在一定程度上可以看作宋廷对既有权贵势力的一种安抚。
Lock Chamber test for the current official participation in the imperial examination, Zhaoxing in the Song Dynasty is an important form of Jinshi examination. The Song Dynasty unlocked the locker exam should be cited and white body sub-field test, independent of the forehead, and punishment of the locker room fell through the strict to wide changes; lock room examiner dispatched by the state, its selection conditions like State Prefecture issued a strict test, the examination subjects may seem to be consistent with the prefectural assembly. Participate in the lock room test “Crown officer ” is mainly divided into the official who has the highest degree of ethics, the chamber has been awarded officials and because of the officer, special signature name, admission and other means to obtain low-level officials. The locker room must not be the champion, and its gift has experienced a change from humble to superior. The locker room in the government office in the transfer, from the vertical point of view, the most generous in the Song Taizong Dynasty, gradually diminished; from the lateral point of view, better than the builders, and the locker room before the trial appointment Official position is closely related. On the one hand, the Song people accepted the trial of the lock room as the supplement of the examination system, on the other hand, they also admitted that the test of the lock room was the manifestation of the privilege of the officials. Lock Chamber test in Song Dynasty is a useful attempt by Zhao and Song rulers to balance the conflicts of interests between Paul’s House and Cold Warrior Scholars, reinforces Song T’ing’s concept of paying attention to culture and education, and improves the quality of officials and guides the society to learn A positive effect Under the social situation that the flow of social strata in the Song Dynasty intensified and the gradual rise of the common people, the appearance and development of the lock-room test can be seen as a kind of comfort to the existing powerful people by Song Ting.