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一、引言海洋对大气,大气对海洋的相互作用,相互影响,早已引起了国内外气象学家和海洋学家的高度重视。特别自本世纪五十年代以来,世界性的气候异常,更加引起了各国科学家们对这一课题研究的浓厚兴趣。近几年来,随着观测手段的提高和研究的日益深入,使世界各地所发生的气候异常现象,有了不少新的认识。越来越多的研究表明:影响气候异常现象发生的能量,主要来源于大洋内部水文结构的骤变埃尔尼诺现象(以下简称现象),是太平洋海域水温结构骤变的主要表现形式之一。目前,虽然对现象发生的机理尚未有统一的定论,但对它与世界气候异常的相互关系,大量研究认为:世界性的气候异常即干旱、洪涝、高温、严寒等均与大洋的海温异常,埃尔尼诺现象发生有关。为了进一步探讨太平洋埃尔尼诺现象生消过程中各不同阶段海温变化特征,与山东沿海降水变化间的关系,分析了三次重要事件,得到了一些有益的结果。
I. INTRODUCTION The interaction and influence of the ocean on the atmosphere and the atmosphere on the ocean have long drawn great attention from meteorologists and oceanographers at home and abroad. Especially since the 1950s, the global climate anomaly has drawn more and more scientists’ interest in the research of this subject. In recent years, with the improvement of the means of observation and the deepening of the research, there have been quite a few new understandings on the climatic anomalies that have taken place in different parts of the world. More and more researches show that the energy that affects the occurrence of climate anomalies mainly comes from the sudden change of El Niño (hereinafter referred to as phenomenon) in the hydrological structure of the ocean and is one of the main manifestations of the sudden changes in the structure of water temperature in the Pacific Ocean . At present, although there is no unified conclusion about the mechanism of the phenomenon, a great deal of researches on the interrelationship between it and the world climate anomalies hold that the worldwide climate anomalies such as drought, flood, high temperature and cold are all related to the ocean temperature anomaly , El Niño phenomenon occurred. In order to further discuss the relationship between the variation of SST at different stages of the Pacific Ocean El Niño phenomenon and the variation of precipitation in Shandong coastal areas, three important events were analyzed and some beneficial results were obtained.