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目的探索不同重力条件对人的速度感知偏差及速度感知方向效应的影响。方法采用速度时间估计的碰撞范式(TTC范式),开发了速度感知测试软件,在失重飞机抛物线飞行(或地面头低位模拟)重力变化条件下,开展速度感知实验研究。结果失重飞行条件下受试者速度知觉偏差率显著大于平飞;头低位条件下受试者速度知觉偏差率相比正坐没有显著变化。在平飞阶段以及正坐实验中,受试者对竖直方向的速度感知偏差总体大于水平方向;而在失重飞行阶段和头低位条件下,这种方向效应有消退的趋势。结论重力条件会影响人的速度感知偏差及速度感知方向效应;头低位卧床产生的失重效应与失重飞行产生的失重效应对人速度感知的影响存在差异。
Objective To explore the effect of different gravity conditions on human perception of speed and direction of speed perception. Methods Based on the collision model (TTC paradigm) of velocity-time estimation, a speed-sensing test software was developed to carry out velocity-sensing experiment under the condition of gravitational change of a parabolic flight (or terrestrial head low altitude simulation) of a weightless aircraft. Results Under the condition of weightless flight, the rate of perceived rate of perceived speed was significantly higher than that of level flight. There was no significant change in rate of perceived rate of perceived speed of subjects under head low compared with sitting. In the flat flight phase and in the sitting test, the speed bias of the subjects in the vertical direction is generally greater than that in the horizontal direction, while the direction effect tends to dissipate during the flightless phase and the head low stage. CONCLUSION: The gravity conditions affect the rate of human body’s perceived speed and direction of perceived speed. The effect of head-weight loss on bed-rest and the weightlessness effect of weightless flight on human speed perception are different.