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公元四至五世纪,世界政治局面和社会面貌发生了巨大的变化。这种变化的原因之一是,三世纪以来日益增强的席卷了亚洲中部和欧洲中南部的“民族大迁移”运动。这次“民族大迂移”的结果,在东方是西晋帝国没落了,在西方则是西罗马帝国的覆灭。古代中国经济发展的道路,自三代以下,迄于西汉,是直线上升的;自东汉中叶以后,历于魏晋,突然直线下降——这种下降而且具有全面的、长期的和根本的性质;自西晋灭亡以后,才可能出现、而且确实也出现了缓慢而稳步的经济恢复和发展的过程。这个历史发展的总趋势与地中海地区历史发展的总趋势在本质上是一致的,在时间上也是大体相同的。整
From the fourth to the fifth century AD, great changes have taken place in the world political situation and social outlook. One of the reasons for this change is the growing “National Migration” movement in central Asia and south-central Europe since the third century. The result of this “great national migration” was the decline of the Western Jin Empire in the East, and the destruction of the Western Roman Empire in the West. The path of economic development in ancient China has risen straightly from the third generation to the late Western Han as of the West Han Dynasty. Since the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it suddenly plummeted in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. This decline has a comprehensive, long-term and fundamental nature. Since the demise of Western Jin Dynasty, it has been possible to emerge, and indeed, there has also been a slow and steady process of economic recovery and development. The general trend of this historical development is in line with the general trend of the historical development of the Mediterranean region, and it is also roughly the same in time. whole