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搞活国营商业企业,使其成为自主经营、自负盈亏、自我改造、自我发展的相对独立的经济实体,始终是我国国营商业改革的目标。目前,全国各地正在推广重庆国营商业企业“四放开”的经验,形势喜人。但是,国营商业从整体上来说,还远远没有摆脱市场规模缩小、经济效益下滑、亏损面很大的困境。据中国综合开发研究院组织的“完善日用工业品批发体制的对策研究”课题组调查:1990年末,40158户国营商业企业亏损面为26%,亏损金额为51.4亿元。这种严峻局面不能不引起我们的关注。分折其原因是复杂的,但问题主要出在商业企业虽然经过多年改革,却没有进入实质性的即机制转换方面的改革。而转换经营机制又非仅仅是企业的自身问题,它与经济体制的改革是密切相关的。因为,企业的活动是在一定的经营环境
Invigorating state-owned commercial enterprises, making them independent economic entities that operate independently, self-financing, self-improvement, and self-development are always the goals of China’s state-run business reform. At present, all parts of the country are promoting the experience of “four liberalization” of state-owned commercial enterprises in Chongqing, and the situation is gratifying. However, on the whole, state-owned commerce is still far from the dilemma of shrinking market size, declining economic efficiency, and large losses. According to the investigation report of the “Countermeasures for Perfecting the Wholesale System of Daily Industrial Products” organized by the China Institute of Comprehensive Development, at the end of 1990, 40158 state-owned commercial enterprises suffered a loss of 26%, and the loss amounted to 5.14 billion yuan. This serious situation cannot but arouse our concern. The reason for the split is complex, but the problem lies mainly in the fact that after many years of reforms, commercial enterprises have not entered substantive reforms that are the transformation of the mechanism. The transformation of the operating mechanism is not merely a matter of the enterprise itself. It is closely related to the reform of the economic system. Because the business activities are in a certain operating environment