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目的通过分析2005—2014年上海市崇明县麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对麻疹病例进行分析。结果崇明县2005—2014年累计报告麻疹病例110例,年平均发病率1.60/10万;其中2012年发病率最高(2.86/10万),2011年发病率最低(0.14/10万)。发病4至5月份达到高峰,占总病例数的42.73%。人口居住密集和外来人口较多的城桥镇和长兴镇是麻疹高发地区。发病年龄主要集中在20岁以上成人和5岁以下儿童。农民、工人、民工、家政、家务人员等是高发人群。外来人口发病率高于该市户籍人口发病率。患者发病前7~21 d医院出入史比例较高,院内感染是造成麻疹传播的又一重要因素。结论加强儿童常规免疫接种,提高接种及时率,提高大学新生、大中型企业中外来人口等特殊人群和易感人群麻疹免疫覆盖率,同时控制医院内传播。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Chongming County, Shanghai in 2005-2014 and provide a basis for the development of measles elimination strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze measles cases. Results A total of 110 measles cases were reported in Chongming County from 2005 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 1.60 / 100,000. Among them, the highest incidence was 2.86 / 100,000 in 2012 and the lowest was in 2011 (0.14 / 100,000). The incidence reached a peak from April to May, accounting for 42.73% of the total number of cases. Chengqiao and Changxing, with densely populated and more foreign population, are areas with high levels of measles. Age of onset mainly in adults over the age of 20 and children under 5 years old. Peasants, workers, migrant workers, domestic workers, domestic workers and other high-risk groups. The incidence of foreign population is higher than the incidence of census register population in this city. 7 to 21 days before the onset of the hospital a higher proportion of hospital history, nosocomial infection is another important factor in the spread of measles. Conclusion The routine immunization of children is strengthened, the vaccination and timely rate is improved, the coverage of measles immunization of special population and susceptible population such as freshmen and medium and large-sized enterprises in university is increased, and the transmission in the hospital is also controlled.