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Background:The effectiveness of the combination of electroacupuncture (EA) and behavioral training (BT) for mid/advanced cerebral infarction (M/ACI) and related mechanisms remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the combined effects on the leing-memory ability and event-related potential P300 in rats with M/ACI.Methods:Eighty rats with M/ACI were divided into Group Model (M),Group EA,Group BT,and Group EA-BT (n =20) according to the random number with five healthy rats in Group Control (CON).On the 6th week after modeling,EA,BT,and EA-BT were given to Group EA,Group BT,and Group EA-BT,respectively,whereas Group M and Group CON were not given any intervention.Y-maze test and P300 were recorded before and after the intervention.Results:After intervention,the P300 latency was lower and the amplitude was higher in the Group EA-BT,Group EA,and Group BT than before (for latency,t =-7.638,-4.334,and-5.916;for amplitude,t =8.125,3.846,and 5.238;P ＜ 0.01),with Group EA-BT superior to Group EA (for latency,t =-3.708;for amplitude,t =3.653;P ＜ 0.01) and Group BT (for latency,t =-2.067;for amplitude,t =2.816;P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference between Group BT and EA (for latency,t =-1.439;for amplitude,t =1.075;P ＞ 0.05).While the performances of Y-maze tests in the Group EA-BT,Group EA,and Group BT were all better than before (t =10.359,4.520,and 7.791,P ＜ 0.01),with Group EA-BT better than Group EA (t =5.627,P ＜ 0.01) and Group BT (t =2.913,P ＜ 0.01) respectively,and Group BT better than Group EA (t =2.912,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:EA or BT can affect P300 in rats with M/ACI,and the combination of these two methods can significantly improve the leing-memory ability.