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下篇横的研究——商欠的原因、影响和实质本篇着重从横的方面,对以行商为代表的中国封建商业资本和以英商为代表的西方商业资本进行比较研究,探讨商欠形成的原因;考察商欠对清代广东洋行制度的破坏,说明商欠的影响。由此引出结论,指明商欠的实质。一、商欠的原因——中西两种商业资本的比较
The second part of the horizontal research - the causes, effects and essence of the commercial debt This article focuses on horizontal aspects, to the commercial and commercial capital represented by the Chinese feudal commercial power represented by the British business to conduct a comparative study of business arrears Causes of formation; examine the business owe to the Guangdong Province, the Qing Dynasty, the failure of the system of foreign banks, indicating the impact of commercial debt. This leads to conclusions that indicate the substance of the arrears. First, the reasons for the debt owed - Comparison of two commercial Chinese and Western capital