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AIM: To explore the syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and gene protein expression in gastric carcinoma METHODS: Preoperative data of gastric cancer cases were collected from the General Surgery Department and classified according to the criteria for syndrome differentiation in TCM. E-cadherin (E-cad) and ICAM-1 gene protein expressions were detected in postoperative specimens from these cases by the immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method.RESULTS: The E-cad positive expression rate was 90% in 100 cases of gastric carcinoma. The difference in E-cad expression was significant between thedifferent syndrome differentiation types in TCM (P ＜0.01). Further group-group comparison showed that there was a significant difference in E-cad expression between the stagnation of phlegm-damp type and the deficiency in both qi and blood and the deficiency-cold of stomach and spleen types, where E-cad expression was high. There was no significant difference between the intal obstruction of stagnant toxin type and the in-coordination between liver and stomach type, where E-cad expression was relatively low. The ICAM-1 positive expression rate was 58%, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2= 8.999,P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: E-cad expression is relatively low in the intal obstruction of stagnant toxin type and the incoordination between liver and stomach type, where tumor development and metastasis may be associated with low E-cad expression, or with low homogeneous adhesiveness between tumor cells.