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利用人工气候箱,在人工控制的五种昼夜温度下,对中国北纬25—52°的野生大豆(Glycine soja)22份,中间型大豆11份和栽培大豆(G.max)15份进行了昼夜温度反应的研究.结果表明:1.三种类型大豆均表现在低于30/20℃的昼夜温度范围内,随着昼夜温度的升高,发育加速;而当昼夜温度升高到35/25℃时,对大部分野生大豆和部分低纬度的中间型,栽培大豆具有延迟作用。2.昼夜温度对不同类型大豆发育的影响主要表现在出苗到开花这一发育阶段,对开花到成熟也有一定的影响,但影响较小。3.以20/20℃为对照,不同纬度的大豆表现随着纬度的升高,对昼高温(30/20℃)反应敏感,促进开花明显;对夜低温反应(20/10℃)迟钝,延迟开花较少;对大的昼夜温差(30/10℃)适应性增强。在所有温度处理下,均表现随着纬度的升高,生育期缩短,生育前期(出苗到开花)与整个生育期的比值降低。4.同纬度不同海拔的材料表现,高海拔的材料对昼夜温度的反应类似较高纬度的平地材料。5.通过温度反应的分析,说明野生大豆具有比较敏感的温度生态反应,随着进化程度的提高,对温度适应性增强。中间型大豆对昼夜温度反应的敏感程度介于野生与栽培大豆之间。本结果为大豆的进化提供了生态学方面的依据。
Using artificial climatic chamber, 22 parts of Glycine soja (25-52 ° North latitude), 11 parts of intermediate soybean and 15 parts of cultivated soybean (G. max) were conducted at daytime and night under the artificial control of five day and night temperatures Temperature response.The results showed that: 1.The three types of soybean all showed the daytime and nighttime temperature below 30/20 ℃, with the increase of day and night temperature, the development accelerated; and when the day and night temperature rose to 35/25 ℃, it is delayed for most wild soybean and some low latitude intermediate cultivated soybean. The effects of diurnal temperature on the development of different types of soybean mainly in the developmental stage from emergence to flowering, but also had a certain influence on the flowering and maturity, but had little effect. With 20/20 ℃ as control, the soybean with different latitudes showed sensitive response to daytime high temperature (30/20 ℃) and obvious flowering with the increase of latitude. The response to night cold reaction (20/10 ℃) Delayed flowering less; large temperature difference between day and night (30/10 ℃) increased adaptability. Under all temperature treatments, the growth rate decreased with the increase of latitude, and the ratio of early growth period (emergence to flowering) to the whole growth period decreased. 4. At the same latitude, the material performance at different altitudes shows that the response of high altitude materials to day and night temperatures is similar to that of flat materials at higher latitudes. Through the analysis of the temperature response, it shows that the wild soybean has a more sensitive temperature and ecological response, with the enhancement of the degree of evolution, the adaptability to temperature is enhanced. The susceptibility of intermediate soybeans to day-night temperature response was between that of wild and cultivated soybeans. This result provides an ecological basis for the evolution of soybeans.