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19世纪中叶到第一次世界大战前,是印度经济史上资本主义生产方式出现并得到发展的重要时期。在这一时期,铁路运输系统对经济的发展起了巨大的作用。一、英国殖民者在印度兴建铁路的经济原因在正常发展的国家中,铁路是大工业尤其是煤、铁、机器制造等重工业发展到一定阶段的产物。以英国为例,其煤产量于1750-95年间翻了一番,达到1000万吨以上;铁产量从1788年的6.8万吨升至1806年的25万吨,机器制造业也有很大发展。这时,英国经济不仅
From the middle of the 19th century to before the First World War, it was an important period in which the capitalist mode of production in India’s economy appeared and was being developed. During this period, the rail transport system played a huge role in economic development. I. ECONOMIC REASONS FOR THE BRITISH COLONIAL TO BUILD A RAILWAY IN INDIA In a normally developed country, railroads are a product of the development of large industries, especially coal, iron and machinery, and other heavy industries to a certain stage. In the United Kingdom, for example, its coal production doubled between 1750-95 to more than 10 million tons; iron production rose from 68,000 tons in 1788 to 250,000 tons in 1806, and the machinery manufacturing industry also made great strides. At this time, the British economy is not only