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ABSTRACT Objective:To study the value of the differentially expressed proteins from primary and recurrent ovarian cancer serum for early diagnosis of primary and recurrent ovarian cancer.Methods:WCX kit(BrukerDaltonicsGraBH) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) technology were used to detect serum samples from49 patients with primary ovarian cancer and21 patients with recurrent disease.Results:In the mass range(Mr) from1000 to12000Da, eight differentially expressed protein peaks were screened from primary ovarian cancer serum.Among them, four protein peaks withMr1457,1857,2202, 7761 were lowly expressed and the others withMr2946,5333,5859,5901 were highly expressed. Ten diferentially expressed protein peaks were screened from recurrent ovarian cancer serum. Among them,1944,1980,2080,2661,2993,4450,4659,5359Da protein expressions were increased significantly, and1897,7868Da protein expressions were decreased significantly.The patt of primary ovarian cancer was applied to8 early-stage ovarian cancer serum samples, and7 serum samples were successfully predicted with the accuracy of87.5%.The patt of recurrent ovarian cancer was applied to9 without pelvic or abdominal mass recurrent ovarian cancer serum samples, and8 serum samples were successfully predicted with the accuracy of 88.9%.Conclusions:Combination ofMALDI-TOF-MS andWCX kit technology can directly screen the diferrential expressed protein from primary and recurrent ovarian cancer serum.They have clinical significance for enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of ovarian cancer diagnosis.