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“化工”是李贽在评论戏剧时与“画工”相对而提的一个概念。它在美学渊源上可上溯至先秦道家, 但又不拘泥于一种特定的审美风格。李贽用“化工”批评戏剧,既契合戏剧美学的特定内涵,又深受个人“异端”思想的影响。其内涵一是倡导戏剧创作的个性化,反对摹拟;二是主张写自然真情,排斥风教伦理对“人情人性”的束缚。
“Chemical Industry” is a concept that Li Zui refers to as a “painter” in the review of drama. It can be traced back to the pre-Qin Taoism in aesthetics, but it does not rigidly adhere to a particular aesthetic style. Li Yong criticizes drama with “Chemical Industry”, which not only meets the specific connotation of drama aesthetics but also is influenced by the individual “heresy” thought. First, its connotations advocate the personalization of drama creation and opposition imitation; second, it advocates the writing of natural truth and excludes the fetters of the ethics of humanity from the ethics of humanity.