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引言本文介绍根据流域地貌特征推求瞬时单位线的方法。这种方法为研究水文相似提供了新的途径。Rodriguez-Iturbe、Gonzalez-Sonabria和Bras等人〔1〕提出:作为流域的单位脉冲反应函数的瞬时单位线,是地貌和降雨特征的随机函数,可以把它表达为流域地貌特征,如:面积比R、分叉系数R_B、河长比R和流域内最高级河流的长度LΩ的函数,并用平均流速(或降雨强度和历时)作为参数来反映瞬时单位线的非线性特征。也就是说,通过著名的Horton的流域地貌律,把地貌特征转化为流域的水文反应函数。他们还认为由于流域降雨特征和地貌特征的随机组合,使瞬时单位线的两个主要特征:洪峰流量q和涨洪历时t具有
Introduction This article describes a method of inferring instantaneous unit lines based on the geomorphological features of a river basin. This method provides a new way to study the hydrological similarity. Rodriguez-Iturbe, Gonzalez-Sonabria, and Bras et al. [1] propose that the instantaneous unit line as a unit impulse response function of a river basin is a stochastic function of topography and rainfall features that can be expressed as basin topographic features such as area ratio R, the bifurcation coefficient R_B, the river length ratio R and the length LΩ of the most advanced river in the basin, and the average flow velocity (or rainfall intensity and duration) is used as a parameter to reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the instantaneous unit line. That is to say, the topography of Horton’s basin is transformed into the hydrological response function of the basin. They also believe that due to the random combination of rainfall and geomorphological features in the basin, two main features of the instantaneous unit line are that the peak flow q and the flood-up duration t have