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白光是由各种颜色的光组成的复色光.不同色光的波长不同,红光的波长较长,紫光的波长较短.不同波长的色光在两种介质的界面发生折射时折射程度不同,因此,当一束白光斜射到三棱镜上发生折射时,不同的色光就会由于折射程度不同而分散开来,形成按照波长顺序排列而成的彩色光带——光谱.一束白光通过三棱镜后分解成红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫等色光的现象,叫光的色散.
White light is a complex color light composed of various colors of light. Different wavelengths of different colors of light, the wavelength of red light is longer, the wavelength of purple light is shorter. Different wavelengths of color light refraction at the interface of the two media when the refraction is different, so When a beam of white light is refracted on the prism, the different colors of light will disperse due to the difference in the degree of refraction, forming a colored band of light arranged in the order of wavelengths—spectrum. After the white beam passes through the prism, it is decomposed into The phenomenon of colored light such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, neon, and purple is called the dispersion of light.