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天然气国际贸易以长期合约为主,市场区域性特征明显,运输成本较高。俄罗斯Yamal LNG(亚马尔液化天然气)项目的开建,为东北亚地区天然气进口增加了新的供给渠道。我国已同该项目签约,每年进口300万吨液化天然气,期限为20年。本文采用油气进口价格模型,利用运输费用经验数据,分别模拟计算了普通LN G船全年通行苏伊士运河航线和Arc7自破冰LNG船综合利用苏伊士运河航线和北冰洋东北航线方案下的运输发生成本。研究表明:东北航线的利用显著降低了运输成本。本研究可为我国天然气运输企业运输价格制定、破冰船投资等提供参考。
International trade of natural gas is dominated by long-term contracts with obvious regional market characteristics and high transportation costs. Russia Yamal LNG (Yamal liquefied natural gas) project was opened, for Northeast Asia natural gas imports added new supply channels. My country has signed the project with an annual import of 3 million tons of liquefied natural gas for a period of 20 years. In this paper, using the import price model of oil and gas and using the experience data of transportation cost, the transportation costs under the scenario of comprehensive utilization of the Suez Canal route and the northeast route of the Arctic Ocean by the conventional LN G ship through the Suez Canal route and Arc7 self-breaking ice LNG ship were simulated respectively. The research shows that the utilization of northeast route significantly reduces transportation cost. This study can provide reference for the formulation of transportation price and the investment of icebreakers in China’s natural gas transportation enterprises.