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春秋战国是中国哲学的发生期,先秦诸子的探索确定了中国式思想书写的基本方向与路径。先秦诸子关于思想书写的困惑与探索,主要体现在对言意问题的探讨中。道家认为言不能尽意,主张得意忘言,他们创造性地采用了以文写意的表达方式。儒家重视言语的政教功用,主张君子慎言,而盛德大美之境,可以意会而难以言传。儒家将天道视为终极真理,为探求天道而走上了两条不同的路径,一是《周易·系辞》提出的立象尽意,以辞系象的外观之路,另一条是《孟子》提出的尽心知性以知天的内守之路。儒家和道家是先秦诸子中对高深思想和抽象理论最有探索兴趣的两派,他们在使用语词探索思想秘境的途中,虽然存在着儒家“不得不言”和道家“得意而忘言”之异,但最后都选择了超语言的方式。法家、墨家更在乎言动主君,发为刑政,他们专注于言语的现实功用,对于表达的准确性有严苛的要求,并因此而试图探索语词使用的规则、方法,不过法家的循名责实属于实用的政治技艺,墨家对名实的探究则能深入到概念研究本身。
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the occurrences of Chinese philosophy. The explorations of pre-Qin philosophers have determined the basic direction and path of Chinese-style ideological writing. The puzzles and explorations of pre-Qin philosophers about ideological writing are mainly reflected in the discussion of the meaning of meaning. Taoists think words can not do everything they want, proudly forget their words, they use a creative manner of expression. Confucianism emphasizes the political and religious functions of speech, and advocates the gentleman’s cautiousness. However, Sidley’s great beauty can be interpreted in a difficult and unspeakable way. Confucianism regards Heaven as the ultimate truth and embarks on two different paths for the exploration of Heaven. One is the image of “Appearance of the Zhouyi.” The other is “Mencius Proposed dedication to knowing the road to keep within. Confucianism and Taoism are the two most pre-Qin philosophers who have the most probing interest in the deep thought and abstract theory. While they use the word to explore the thinking secret, Confucianism and Taoism are forgotten Words ”different, but in the end have chosen the super-language way. Legalists and Mohists pay more attention to advocating the rule of kings and sending them to criminal law. They focus on the practical functions of speech and have strict requirements on the accuracy of the speech. Therefore, they try to explore the rules and methods of using words, however, Named to blame is a practical political skills, Mohist inquiry into the real name can go deep into the concept of research itself.