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目的分析妊娠期糖尿病母亲及其婴儿的体格发育情况,为制定更为科学合理的高危婴儿喂养方案提供理论依据。方法对339组妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)母亲及其新生儿进行了调查,并对其中114组婴儿在6月龄时进行了回访及体检,了解其体格发育情况。结果母亲孕期血糖控制不好是低出生体重儿的影响因素(OR=4.44,95%CI:1.69~11.69,P<0.05);孕前BMI和孕期体重增量是出生为巨大儿的影响因素(OR=1.18和1.11,95%CI:1.06~1.30,1.04~1.18,P<0.05);新生儿出生体重分别与母亲孕前BMI、孕期体重增长,以及其6月龄年龄别体重(WAZ)、年龄别BMI(BAZ)、年龄别身高(HAZ)呈正相关(P<0.05);孕前体质指数(BMI)、孕期体重增量、新生儿出生体重为GDM产妇剖宫产的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 GDM母亲子代低出生体重儿和巨大儿较多,孕期血糖控制好能减少低出生体重儿及巨大儿的发生。为预防GDM患者子代远期并发症,不仅要加强围生期保健,且从新生儿出生起就应将其纳入高危儿童管理体系,严密随访其喂养与营养状况、体格生长情况。
Objective To analyze the physical development of gestational diabetes mothers and their infants and to provide a theoretical basis for making a more scientific and reasonable high-risk infant feeding plan. Methods A total of 339 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mothers and their newborns were investigated, and 114 of them were interviewed and examined at 6 months of age to understand their physical development. Results The poor control of blood glucose during pregnancy was the influencing factor of low birth weight infants (OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.69-11.69, P <0.05). The pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy were the influencing factors of OR = 1.18 and 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06-1.30, 1.04-1.18, P <0.05). The newborns’ birth weights were positively correlated with the BMI before pregnancy, body weight gain during pregnancy and their WAQ, (P <0.05); BMI (BAZ) and age-specific height (HAZ) were positively correlated (P <0.05); BMI, weight gain during pregnancy and newborn birth weight were the influencing factors for cesarean section in GDM women (P <0.05). Conclusions GDM mothers have more children with low birth weight and huge children, and blood glucose control during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of low birth weight children and huge children. In order to prevent the long-term complications of offspring of GDM patients, we not only need to strengthen the perinatal care, but also should be included in the management system of high-risk children from the moment of birth, closely follow their feeding and nutritional status and physical growth.