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近几年来,我国经济学界对马克思的生产劳动理论,重新开展了讨论。如何运用马克思生产劳动理论指导我国社会主义建设的问题,成了大家关注的中心。我们想就社会主义生产劳动的概念,生产劳动和非生产劳动的比例,以及生产劳动理论与两个文明建设的关系问题,谈一点粗浅的体会,以就正于同志们。(一) 关于社会主义生产劳动的概念问题什么是社会主义的生产劳动?划分社会主义生产劳动和非生产劳动的标准是什么?这是讨论中涉及较多,且分歧较大的问题。马克思关于划分资本主义生产劳动和非生产劳动的科学方法论,特别是他对社会主义生产劳动性质的科学预见,为我们正确地解决这一问题提供了科学的前提。马克思对资本主义生产劳动的分析,始终坚持从资本主义的物质生产过程出发,以资本主义生产关系为核心,科学地阐明了资本主义生产劳动的实质。他指出:“从一般劳动过程的单纯观点出发,实现在产品中的劳动,更切近些说,实现在商品中的劳动。对我们就表现为生产劳动。但从资本主义生产过程的观点出发,则要加上更切近的规定。生产劳动是直接
In recent years, China’s economics circles have re-discussed Marx’s theory of productive labor. How to use Marx’s theory of productive labor to guide the socialist construction in our country has become the focus of everybody’s attention. We would like to talk about the concept of productive labor in socialism, the ratio of productive labor to non-productive labor, and the relationship between the theory of productive labor and the relationship between the two civilizations. (1) The Concept of Labor in Socialist Production What is the socialist productive labor? What is the criterion for dividing socialist production from non-productive labor? This is a question that involves more and has more divergences in the discussion. Marx’s scientific methodology of dividing capitalist productive and non-productive labor, especially his scientific foresight in the nature of socialist labor, provided the scientific premise for us to correctly solve this problem. Marx’s analysis of the capitalist labor in production always persists in proceeding from the materialistic process of capitalism and at the core of the capitalist relations of production, and scientifically expounds the substance of capitalist labor in production. He pointed out: "From the simple point of view of the general labor process, to realize the labor in the product, to put it more in detail, to realize the labor in the commodity, to show us the productive labor, but from the viewpoint of the capitalist production process, We need to add more closely the stipulation that the productive labor is direct