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一八六三年,美国内战正酣,宾夕法尼亚州的一个普通村镇爆发了—场鏖战——葛底斯堡战役。从此,内战形势大转,林肯总统领导的北方军队由被动变为主动。就在那片战场上,人们掩埋了勇士的尸体,建起了国家烈士公墓。在公墓的落成典礼上,林肯发表了一篇被美国人认为是完美无瑕的演说。本文介绍的就是这篇演说的前前后后。然而,林肯的演说之所以久负盛名,绝不仅仅象文中谈到的是由于篇幅短小、措辞精美。其中最重要的原因是:林肯在这篇演说中第一次阐述了资产阶级革命的指导思想——建立一个“民有、民治、民享”的政府。林肯的这个主张,不仅推动了美国的资产阶级革命,而且还对中国资产阶级民主革命发生过深远的影响。孙中山先生的三民主义即受此启迪。
In 1863, the U.S. civil war was in full swing, and an ordinary town in Pennsylvania broke out - Battlefield - Gettysburg Campaign. Since then, the civil war situation has changed dramatically. The northern army, led by President Lincoln, has turned from passive to active. Just in the battlefield, people buried the body of the warriors, built a national martyr cemetery. At the inauguration of the cemetery, Lincoln published a speech that Americans thought was flawless. This article describes the front and back of this speech. However, Lincoln’s speech has enjoyed a great reputation not only because of its length but also his wording. The most important reason for this is that for the first time in this speech, Lincoln elaborated on the guiding ideology of a bourgeois revolution - establishing a “government owned by the people, governing the people and enjoying the people.” Lincoln’s claim not only promoted the bourgeois revolution in the United States but also had a profound impact on the bourgeois-democratic revolution in China. Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People are inspired by this.