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虫草素和腺苷是蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)最主要的药用活性成分。以家蚕幼虫为寄主人工培育蚕蛹虫草,研究不同培育条件对蚕蛹虫草中虫草素和腺苷含量的影响,为建立不同药用需求的高品质蚕蛹虫草栽培技术提供试验依据。不同培育环境条件下的试验结果是:培养温度在24℃时蚕蛹虫草中的虫草素含量最高,22、24℃时腺苷的含量较高;每天以10℃的温差处理8 h,蚕蛹虫草中的虫草素含量最高(P<0.01),而以此温差处理2 h与处理8 h腺苷的含量差异不显著(P>0.05);光质为黄光最有利于虫草素和腺苷的形成(P<0.01),其次是白光和蓝光;光照度在240~1 200 lx之间虫草素含量的差异不显著(P>0.05),光照度在600~1 200 lx之间腺苷的含量差异显著(P<0.05)。此外,以饥饿处理(接种后每天只给1次饲料)的家蚕幼虫作寄主有利于虫草素的形成,而以饱食的家蚕幼虫作寄主则更有利于腺苷的形成;以5龄第2天幼虫接种有利于虫草素的形成,以5龄起蚕接种有利于腺苷的形成。根据培养蚕蛹虫草的药用目的,可以对培养温度、温差处理时间、光照以及寄主家蚕幼虫的龄期和取食量等条件进行调节。
Cordycepin and adenosine are the main medicinal active ingredients of Cordyceps militaris. Silkworm larvae were used as hosts to cultivate silkworm cordyceps militaris. The effects of different culture conditions on the contents of cordycepin and adenosine in silkworm cordyceps militaris were studied to provide experimental basis for establishing high quality silkworm cordyceps militaris cultivation techniques with different medicinal needs. Under different incubation conditions, the test results were as follows: the highest content of cordycepin in silkworm Cordyceps militaris at 24 ℃ and the high content of adenosine at 22 and 24 ℃; (P <0.01). However, the content of adenosine treated with this temperature difference for 2 h and treated for 8 h had no significant difference (P> 0.05). The light quality of yellow light was most favorable for the formation of cordycepin and adenosine (P <0.01), followed by white light and blue light. There was no significant difference in the content of cordycepin between 240-1 200 lx (P> 0.05), and the difference of the content of adenosine between 600-1 200 lx P <0.05). In addition, the silkworm larvae treated with starvation (only one feed after inoculation) as hosts favored the formation of cordycepin, while the satiation of silkworm larvae with satiation was more favorable to the formation of adenosine. Day larvae inoculation is conducive to the formation of cordycepin, inoculating 5-year-old silkworm is conducive to the formation of adenosine. According to the medicinal purpose of culturing silkworm cordyceps militaris, conditions such as culture temperature, temperature difference treatment time, light and the age of the host silkworm larvae and food intake can be adjusted.