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目的分析福建省宁德市2008-2011年手足口病重症及死亡病例流行病学特征,为早期识别和救治危重病例积累经验,降低病死率;制定科学的手足口病防控措施。方法收集整理2008-2011年宁德市各医疗机构报告的手足口病疫情报告卡、重症、死亡病例流行病学调查信息及实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应实验室检测结果,运用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果宁德市2008-2011年共报告手足口病16 760例,重症80例(4.77‰),死亡6例(0.36‰),各年的重症发生率分别为1.63‰、1.45‰、7.23‰和4.93‰。4-10月为重症病例发生高峰,≤3岁儿童重症病例占83.75%,重症病例病原学以肠道病毒71型(human Enterovirus 71,EV71)为主。6例死亡病例发病年龄均为≤3岁,感染的病毒型别均为EV71型,临床特点是早期症状主要以高热为主,皮疹不明显,多数病例在乡村诊治没有被医生识别,病情突然加重短时间内死亡。结论宁德市手足口病疫情呈现逐年上升趋势,重症病例相继增多,死亡病例时有发生。今后应重点加强对重症病例的监测,早期发现和识别重症病例,避免死亡病例的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD and death from 2008-2011 in Ningde, Fujian Province, and to accumulate experience for early identification and treatment of critically ill patients and reduce the case fatality rate. To develop a scientific prevention and control measures for HFMD. Methods The epidemiological reports of hand, foot and mouth disease reported by medical institutions in Ningde from 2008 to 2011 were collected and analyzed. The epidemiological survey data of severe and death cases and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results were collected and analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods analysis. Results A total of 16 760 cases of HFMD were reported in Ningde from 2008 to 2011, with 80 severe cases (4.77 ‰) and 6 deaths (0.36 ‰), respectively. The incidence of severe diseases was 1.63 ‰, 1.45 ‰, 7.23 ‰ and 4.93 ‰. From April to October, the incidence of severe cases peaked, 83.75% of children ≤ 3 years old, and severe cases of etiology to enterovirus 71 (human Enterovirus 71, EV71). 6 cases of deaths were ≤ 3 years old, the virus type are EV71 infection, the clinical features of early symptoms mainly hyperthermia, rash is not obvious, the majority of cases in the rural diagnosis and treatment were not identified by doctors, the condition suddenly aggravated A short time of death. Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in Ningde City has been increasing year by year, and the number of severe cases has increased successively, and the death cases have occurred from time to time. The future should focus on strengthening the monitoring of critically ill patients, early detection and identification of severe cases, to avoid the deaths.