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在传统古代汉语教学中,“友”字历来是被划分在名词类中。然而,在诸多先秦文学作品中,“友”字常常在句子中充当谓语,当前学术界几乎一致认为这是词类活用的现象。然而,先秦时期,“友”字充当谓语并非名词活用为动词,而是由“友”字的名动兼类所致。本文分别从以下三个方面入手来证实“友”字在先秦时期是名动兼类词:1.该词义是否为不固定的意义;2.该语法功能是否是临时具备的、不完善的;3.该用法出现的次数以及动词用法的频率。
In traditional ancient Chinese teaching, the word “friend” has always been divided into nouns. However, in many pre-Qin literary works, the word “friend” often acts as a predicate in sentences, which is almost unanimously considered by scholars today as the phenomenon of part-of-speech. However, during the pre-Qin period, the word “friend” used as a predicate rather than a noun as a verb. This article respectively confirms from the following three aspects that the “friend” character is a famous word in the pre-Qin period: 1. Whether the meaning of the word is an unfixed meaning; 2. Whether the grammatical function is temporary and imperfect ; 3. The number of occurrences of the usage and the frequency of verb usage.