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目的了解新疆伊宁市吸毒人群HIV、梅毒和丙肝感染情况和流行特征,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法采取监测期内连续抽样方法,对2009-2013年伊宁市戒毒所及社区吸毒人群进行监测,采用问卷调查的方法收集相关行为学等方面信息,采集血液标本开展HIV、丙肝和梅毒抗体检测。结果 2009-2013年间共监测伊宁市吸毒人群3 531人,其中男性占98.4%,多为维吾尔族20~39岁年龄段人群;HIV、丙肝和梅毒的感染率分别为17.89%、37.6%和2.6%;注射吸毒比例为68.4%,其中共用注射器比例为26.8%;不同年龄组、不同民族间HIV阳性率差异有统计学意义。logistic回归分析结果表明,吸毒者感染HIV的风险以40~50岁年龄段最高(OR=30.992,95%CI=7.287~131.815),维吾尔族高于汉族(OR=2.450,95%CI:1.203~4.989),共用针具者高于非共用针具者(OR=2.973,95%CI:2.346~3.769)。吸毒人群艾滋病防治知识知晓率为93.5%,文化程度高和接受过艾滋病预防干预服务者知晓率较高。结论吸毒人群是HIV、丙肝和梅毒感染的高危人群,应有针对性地在吸毒人群中开展健康教育和高危行为干预工作。
Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemic characteristics of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C among drug users in Yining, Xinjiang and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Continuous sampling during the monitoring period was used to monitor the drug addicts in Yining city and community from 2009 to 2013. The questionnaires were used to collect relevant behavioral information and blood samples were collected to detect HIV, HCV and syphilis antibodies . Results A total of 3 531 drug abusers were investigated in Yining City between 2009 and 2013, of which 98.4% were male, mostly among Uyghur people aged 20-39. The prevalences of HIV, HCV and syphilis were 17.89% and 37.6%, respectively 2.6%. The proportion of injecting drugs was 68.4%, among which the proportion of shared syringes was 26.8%. There was significant difference in the positive rates of HIV among different age groups and ethnic groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of HIV infection among drug users was the highest among 40-50 age groups (OR = 30.992, 95% CI = 7.287-113.815), Uyghur was higher than Han (OR = 2.450,95% CI: 1.203 ~ 4.989), those with shared needles were higher than those with non-shared needles (OR = 2.973, 95% CI: 2.346 ~ 3.769). HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment among drug users was 93.5%, with a high level of education and a high awareness rate of those receiving HIV prevention interventions. Conclusion The drug addicts are at high risk of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection, and health education and high risk behavior intervention should be targeted in drug addicts.