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本文的研究发现,上海和天津的经济联系,大体上以19世纪末20世纪初为界线,经历了一个由从属关系到对等关系、由单向依赖到全面合作的动态演变过程。此前,由于中国的对外贸易市场以欧美地区为主,结果使得天津港长期成为上海枢纽港的支线供给港,天津港绝大部分的进出口物资都要假手上海港才能与欧美市场发生联系,天津及其腹地也就是上海的间接经济腹地;此后,随着国际市场的变化特别是日本市场的崛起,天津港的直接对外贸易有了快速发展,天津港对上海港原有的贸易依存度大大降低,天津对腹地的直接辐射力显著增强,迫使上海的经济腹地向南退缩到长江流域,从而为环渤海经济的崛起奠定了必要的区域市场条件。进入民国以后,上海和天津两大城市之间单一的转口贸易关系虽然减弱了,在金融、工业、市场等多个领域的互补合作关系却得到了加强,从而反映出彼此经济关系的成熟和深化,进而也促进了双方经济的进一步发展,使上海和天津分别发展成为长江流域和北方广大地区的经济龙头。而作为近代中国南、北两大经济中心城市——上海与天津经济关系由单一到全面、由艰涩到成熟的演化,无疑也在很大程度上代表了中国近代沿海口岸城市的基本发展轨迹。
The research in this paper finds that the economic links between Shanghai and Tianjin, which are generally in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, have undergone a dynamic evolution from affiliation to reciprocal relations and from unidirectional dependence to all-round cooperation. Earlier, due to China’s foreign trade market dominated by Europe and the United States, as a result of Tianjin Port has long become a feeder port in Shanghai hub port, Tianjin Port most of the import and export goods to be fake hand in hand to the port of Shanghai to make contact with the United States and Europe, Tianjin And its hinterland, that is, the indirect economic hinterland of Shanghai. Thereafter, with the changes in the international market, especially the rise of the Japanese market, the direct foreign trade in Tianjin Port developed rapidly and the original trade dependence on Tianjin Port by Tianjin Port was greatly reduced , Tianjin has significantly enhanced its direct radiation to the hinterland, forcing Shanghai’s economic hinterland to retreat southwards to the Yangtze River Basin, thus laying the necessary regional market conditions for the rise of the Bohai Rim economy. Since the entry into the Republic of China, the single re-export trade relationship between the two major cities in Shanghai and Tianjin has been weakened. However, the complementary cooperative relations in various fields such as finance, industry and markets have been strengthened to reflect the maturity and deepening of economic relations with each other , Which in turn promoted the further economic development of both sides and enabled Shanghai and Tianjin to become the economic leaders of the Yangtze River valley and the vast northern areas respectively. As a modern city of economy in central and southern South and North China, the economic relations between Shanghai and Tianjin, from a single to an all-round and from arduous to mature evolution, undoubtedly also largely represent the basic development of modern coastal port cities in China.